String+Theory

String Theory

__Table of Contents:__
 * 1) Introduction
 * 2) The String
 * 3) Different Theories
 * 4) The Scale of String
 * 5) The Theory of Everything
 * 6) Sources
 * 7) Further Exploration

=1. Introduction = String theory is basically the theory that all things are made up of infinitesimally tiny vibrating loops of string. This theory explains that the strings vibrate in different ways according to what kind of particle it is. An electron would cause the strings to vibrate one way and a down quark would cause them to vibrate a different way. Also this theory allows for ten somewhat undetectable dimensions.

=2. The String = String Theory states that all the strings are identical and are unimaginably small. Their only difference is its resonance pattern, or how it vibrates. Like the strings on a violin or a guitar, these strings have a resonance when motion is applied. The string's fundamental pattern, or first harmonic, is expressed when the motion applied to it causes it to vibrate at its "natural frequency." Each resonant pattern is a multiple of the fundamental frequency. In this video, leading String Theorist, Brian Greene, explains String Theory in less than two minutes: [] (if the pop-up blocker pops up, right click on it and click on "download file" to view the video). = = =3. Different Theories = 
 * One type of string theory explains how the strings start as being closed and can break into open strings.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Another, more commonly used, theory states that the strings cannot break open.

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= = =<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">4. The Scale of String = <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">This website allows us to look into how small these strings actually are... [|**http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elegant/scale.html**] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">If the atom were enlarged to the size of the universe, a string would be a tree on Earth!

=<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">5. The Theory of Everything =

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In 1921, the Kaluza-Klien Theory was published, which described the idea of unifying gravity and electromagnetism by adding an extra dimension of space. Many years later in 1968, Gabriele Veneziano began modern string theory with an essay on the dual resonance model of the strong interactions. This theory was not widely accepted at the time. Then in 1973, Joel Scherk and John Schwarz proposed that string theory was a theory of quantum gravity. This idea was still not popular for ten more years. This video goes much more in depth with the discovery of this "Theory of Everything": []

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=<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">6. Sources = <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">//Nova | the elegant universe//. (1993-2003). Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elegant/ Schwarz, P. (n.d.). //The Official string theory website//. Retrieved from http://www.superstringtheory.com/index.html

=<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">7. Further Exploration =
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Articles related to the PBS special on String Theory--> []
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">A website explaining String Theory in simple terms--> [|http://www.superstringtheory.com]
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Episodes from a PBS special on String Theory--> []
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">An interview with Brian Greene, a leading String Theorist--> []